试论大数据技术在生态环境保护领域的应用架构及相关技术

促进大数据在生态环境保护领域的深化应用,可以提高生态环境监管能力,并实现环境管理工作精细化。实践中需要把握生态环境信息化的大数据需求,对其应用架构及相关技术进行深入探究,以从多维度出发挖掘有价值的信息,更好地服务生态环境保护工作。     

Discouraging Rainforest Transformation: An Ex-ante Policy Impact Analysis

Despite extensive efforts made by national and international certification agencies, Indonesian smallholder farmers’ participation in palm oil certification schemes adoption remains low. A fundamental obstacle is the smallholder practice of rainforest transformation into oil palm plantation which is forbidden by the agencies. In this context, we investigate three policies that could lead to a reduction in rainforest deforestation by smallholders: price premium on certified palm oil; the provision of environmental information; contributor recognition. In order to evaluate the influence of the policies ex-ante, we conduct a social dilemma experiment involving rubber and oil palm smallholders in Jambi Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. The findings indicate that the price premium and provision of context-specific environmental information could reduce rainforest transformation. However, a statistically significant effect of contributor recognition was not found.     

Impact of contracts in high yielding varieties seed production on profits and yield: The case of Nepal

Nepal’s population continues to grow, but the agricultural sector’s performance remains almost stagnant. This has led to a decline in the per capita availability of food. Increasing agricultural productivity is the key to agricultural growth, and one strategy for increasing agricultural productivity is to use improved seeds. This study investigates the impact of contract farming (CF) in high yielding varieties (HYV) of paddy seed production on costs, yield, and profits of smallholder farms in Nepal. Using farm-level data and a non-parametric propensity score matching estimator, the study finds a significant positive impact of contract HYV seed farming on revenues, profits, and yield, and a significant negative impact on total costs of production. Additionally, very small farms (⩽0.43 ha) with CF in HYV paddy seeds tend to gain the most when it comes to yield per hectare. Our estimates reveal that the average smallholder household in Nepal engaged in CF with input conditions receives higher profits. However, farmers engaged in CF with output conditions tend to have higher yields but smaller profits. Finally, farmers engaged in CF in HYV paddy seeds with both input and output conditions have the highest yield gains and significantly higher profits.     

CDIO教育模式在高职建筑设备专业教学中的应用

为培养高素质的"卓越现场工程师",需要职业教育创新教学模式,在分析高职建筑设备工程技术专业传统教学模式基础上,引入了CDIO教育模式,并对CDIO在高职建筑设备工程技术专业教学中的应用进行了探讨,为高职教师进行教学模式改革提供了指导。     

6S优化检维修管理模式的实施

为提高设备检维修现场管理水平,中国石化南通石油分公司大岸桥石油机械厂钳工车间将6S现场管理理念导入钳工车间日常检维修管理中,通过对检维修现状和方式的分析,创新管理理念,制定有效的计划及措施并落到实处,使钳工现场检维修管理模式得到优化,提升了车间的管理水平。     

基于工作过程的课程开发与实践--以高职《数据库技术与应用》课程为例

基于工作过程导向的课程开发是当前高等职业教育改革的方向，文章结合实际教学经验总结了基于工作过程导向的高职《数据库技术与应用》课程开发与实践的方案。     

Are impatient farmers more risk-averse? Evidence from a lab-in-the-field experiment in rural Uganda

Based on data from a field-experiment in rural Uganda, we show that impatient farmers are more risk-averse than patient farmers. We relied on a simplified version of the Convex Time Budget (CTB) method to elicit farmers’ time preferences and on an independent method for eliciting their risk-preferences. We report two important findings. First, we show that our simplified CTB method applied to farmers from Uganda replicates the key findings of Andreoni and Sprenger’s lab experiments that involved student subjects. Second, we establish the existence of a negative correlation between risk tolerance and impatience, based on two independent measures.     

Erratic strategic decisions: when and why managers are inconsistent in strategic decision making

While decision makers in organizations frequently make good decisions rooted in stable and consistent preferences, such consistency in outcomes is not always the case. In this study, we adopt a psychological perspective of judgment to investigate managers' erratic strategic decisions, which we define as a manager's inconsistent judgments that can shape the direction of the firm. In a study of 2,048 decisions made by 64 CEOs of technology firms, we examine how both metacognitive experience and perceptions of the external environment (hostility and dynamism) could affect the extent to which managers make erratic strategic decisions. The results indicate that managers with greater metacognitive experience make less erratic strategic decisions. The results also indicate that in hostile environments managers make more erratic strategic decisions. But contrary to our expectations, in dynamic environments managers make less erratic strategic decisions. Similarly, hostility and dynamism interact in their effect on erratic strategic decisions in that the positive relationship between environmental hostility and erratic strategic decisions will be less positive for managers experiencing high environmental dynamism than those experiencing low environmental dynamism. These results have important implications for strategic decision‐making research. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一个金融上的社会运动的观点:社会责任投资重要

此文所讨论的是社会运动如何影响经济体系.运用一种政治--文化的方式去对待市场,这意味着折衷行为可以利用一个可预见的新制度去帮助改变现有的金融制度.此文的观点立足于支持社会运动重整经济制度出发.